Making cities resilient is one of the main pillars of the 11th goal in UN Agenda 2030 and has become a convergent theme in urban contemporary policies at global level. "Urban Resilience is the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience” (Rockefeller Foundation, ‘100 Resilient Cities’ initiative). Unfortunately, when a term is so successful to permeate the common lexicon, it runs the risk of becoming trivial if not correctly interpreted through specific theoretical and operational coordinates. The polysemic nature of the term "resilience" in urban policies is enabling more and more innovative multi-disciplinary entanglement, implementing virtuous dialogue between several knowledge domains (health, eco-environment, socio-economy, geography, planning) and fertile blending between top-down and bottom-up practices. The unprecedented global challenge of Covid-19 has greatly emphasised the critical condition of cities already facing the harmful effects of climate change and urban inequalities: issues like physical discontinuity, poor accessibility, lack of public spaces, and scarce access to common goods, increasingly stress the need for an authentically 'holistic' approach to urban resilience (UNISDR, 2012). In the context of the post-pandemic recovery policies, launched in 2020-21 through the allocation of huge public resources at international level (e.g. the USA ‘American Jobs Plan’ or the ‘Next Generation EU’), the emphasis on the resilience concept is clearly emerging (Italian ‘National Recovery and Resilience Plan’, 2021). In the official documents, among the various interpretative keys, it is clearly highlighted the role of urban and metropolitan areas as privileged innovation target as well as the potential of mobility networks as strategic vector for the implementation of cohesion principles of territories and civic communities. Looking at the ‘space of movement’, new planning tools can overcome ancient separations with land use design and open space system by concretely implementing integrated regeneration strategies. In this sense, the EU SUMP (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan) - officially introduced through the ‘Mobility Urban Package’ [(COM 2013) 913] and progressively implemented by the 27 member states - represents the ambition of combining mobility and transport infrastructures with the urban space design. Within two research projects (EU H2020 and ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome funds), the main goal of this paper is to investigate and highlight innovative approaches in European SUMP, aimed at overcoming the sectoral critical aspects within an urban and metropolitan resilience perspective. Looking at the emerging interpretative trends of the new generation of Sustainable Mobility Plans it is possible to focus different cultural models and styles through comparative case-study analysis. The research adopts the inductive method and the classic case-study interpretation keys (Yin 1984) developed with a qualitative approach and supported by direct sources and interviews. Findings and lessons are expected to be useful in order to extract relevant suggestions for the specific interpretation styles of resilience in planned strategies and specific projects, notably in the European context. Virtuous experiences in France, Spain and northern Europe are expected to deliver significant results and references useful for introducing innovation in policies and planning practices in the Italian context. As to this purpose, the integrated and inclusive planning process in the metropolitan area of Bologna appears particularly advanced due to its consistency with the holistic approach promoted in European policies. Its recent planning path shows the integration of mobility networks, public transportation systems, dense urban patterns, green-blue corridors and public spaces to be planned through participatory democracy’s steps.

The greatest force in combating climate change is in the hands of cities. Currently 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas and this proportion is expected to increase to 70% by 2050 (UN, 2019). The way these people will live in cities in 2050 are closely related to the choices that are being made today and the demand for transportation is one of them. The management of urban mobility, focused on improving the fluidity of cars, ends up increasing the demand for more road space and consequently the social and environmental impacts, highlighting the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, noise and visual pollution, in addition to degradation of urban living spaces. All these problems lead to the need to develop studies that address the concept of urban mobility from the perspective of social inclusion reducing environmental pollution and encouraging the use of public and non-motorized transport. Thus, this article aims to structure and understand the problem of urban mobility and to propose strategic actions that lead to the promotion of its sustainability. The importance of this study is to support the local government in the definition of a compromise solution, in a medium and long term perspective, seeking to guarantee citizens access to quality transport services and the joint participation of society in the construction of more sustainable cities. The methodology used was based on Creswell (2013) which uses a qualitative approach, with a participatory worldview. The research strategy is based on a case study, document review and interviews with the actors of the problem such as public agents, specialists in urban mobility, users of public transport, bicycles and people with disabilities, in order to obtain an analysis of the situation from different perspectives. The actors' objectives were raised through the Value-Focused Thinking - VFT approach, a tool used in the Structuring of Complex Problems belonging to the of Soft Operational Research area. The VFT proposes a creative way to identify decision problems, specify objectives and create alternatives. Crucial activities related to the decision-making process (Keeney, 1992). Identifying and understanding stakeholder values is a crucial task in a decision-making process, since the values express what really matters in the question under study (Gregory and Keeney, 2017). Over the years, VFT has been increasingly adopted in complex decision problems (Parnell et al., 2013). The application was made in the city of São José dos Campos / SP - Brazil where it was possible to identify critical local factors with greatest impact on transport and define a set of alternatives. As a result, 13 key alternatives were selected to achieve sustainable urban mobility. In this way, the product of this research contributes to the 2030 Agenda for the sustainable development of sustainable cities and communities, thus being able to effectively serve as a contribution to the formulation of future sustainability policies in urban mobility. References: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (ST / ESA / SER.A / 423). Creswell JW. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications: London. Keeney, R.L. (1992). Value-Focused Thinking. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Gregory, R. and Keeney, R. L. (2017). A practical approach to address uncertainty in stakeholder deliberations. Risk Analysis, v. 37, no. 3, p. 487–501. Parnell, G.S. et al. (2013) Invited review — survey of value-focused thinking: applications, research developments and areas for future research. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, v. 20, n. 1-2, p. 49–60.

The transport of goods, particularly in dense urban areas, contributes to a problem that most of today's cities share: they are overcrowded by motorized traffic. In that context, urban freight and city logistics are central to the Brazilian economy, but face a number of economic and environmental challenges. This paper aims to contribute to a new body of research that investigates the potential of cycle courier to make city logistics more sustainable and explores ways to encourage their diffusion. In the course of congested cities, increasing delivery volumes and growing environmental awareness, both local public administrations and logistics service providers are faced with the challenge of finding sustainable solutions for urban freight transport. The study analyses the dynamic of the development of cycle logistics in the Brazilian context from an economic, environmental and social perspective. In order to conduct the research, data collection methods were used, including: application of questionnaire and in-depth interview with bike courier companies and collecting secondary data from the Brazilian National Data Basis. Based on this national scale study (developed in 2020) we identify Brazilian bike courier companies and characterize business model, performance and workers profile. The results show the growth potential of bike courier businesses and that can be a suitable addition to urban consolidation concepts from both an environmental and financial point of view. The findings of the paper are of interest to policy makers, urban logistic operators, research institutions and citizens as potential customers.

Climate change is globally recognized as a long-term systemic risk faced by human beings. The impact range and depth of global warming caused by human activities are gradually increasing. "Carbon Peak" and "Carbon Neutral" are climate commitments to reduce the expected global warming. In the global context, mankind is facing major ecological and environmental threats. To actively tackle climate change, China has committed to achieving the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.At present, China has decomposed carbon emission reduction targets from top to bottom, and each urban has put forward corresponding strategies based on the actual situation of its own region, so as to achieve low-carbon transformation and development throughout the country. We will review the policies and practices of each urban, and work from two aspects, namely energy revolution action and spatial planning reform, to build "Carbon Neutral" urbans by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sinks. On the one hand, in terms of energy revolution, the troika will work together to carry out the following practical work: first, plan emission quotas and carbon peak schedule in key areas in advance to guide and strengthen market expectations, such as industrial areas including cement, steel, electric power, chemical industry, etc., and people's livelihood areas such as construction, transportation, etc.; Second, continue to promote the revolution in energy supply, continue to vigorously promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy system, and further accelerate the development of renewable energy and the deployment of storage and transportation facilities; Third, we will accelerate the spread of advanced energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies and tap the potential of energy conservation and efficiency improvement. On the other hand, in terms of spatial planning reform, in order to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem, reduce urban carbon emissions, and improve the modernization of national governance capacity, China starts from the following four aspects: First, we reformed the spatial planning system from urban planning system to land spatial planning system, optimized the land spatial pattern, and increased the carbon sink through the green infrastructure protection and control planning strategy of forest land, cultivated land, wetland and other natural protected areas, and actively supported the carbon neutral strategy; Second, improve the compact urban spatial layout, create a comfortable living circle with appropriate scale, compact space and rich functions, low-carbon travel, reduce unnecessary commuting caused by seeking life services, and reduce the carbon emissions of urban commuting; Third, focus on power decarbonization and smart energy supply, optimize the structure and supply strategy of water resources, realize the recycling of waste resources, and establish an efficient, clean and low-carbon municipal facilities system; Fourth, from industrial structure, low carbon technology, spatial layout, carbon sink capacity and other aspects of the industrial system to promote carbon emissions peak. China's proposed from “Carbon Peak” to “Carbon Neutral”, carbon transition only 30 years, while developed countries need to 60 years to 70 years, is a very powerful positive goals, means from the development mode to the sources of energy, industry, infrastructure, space planning, and even the trade and consumption, China will conduct systematic structural change, transformation and innovation. China's move to a low-carbon development model that is carbon neutral and adaptable to climate change can make an important contribution to boosting global confidence in climate action.

Abstract: As an effective method to quantify the utilization and evaluate the sustainability of natural resources, ecological footprint can indicate the degree of dependence of human production activities and living on natural resources. In order to measure the sustainable potential of the ecological system in Lushan County, this paper optimizes the original ecological footprint model, comprehensively using factors such as ecological stress index, ecological sustainability index, ecological occupation index, ecological footprint diversity index, and ecosystem development capacity. And then evaluate the sustainable development of Lushan County from 2009 to 2019 and use the regression equation model to predict the future sustainable development potential of Lushan County. The results showed that from 2009 to 2019, the per capita ecological footprint of Lushan County decreased by 39%, and the ecological carrying capacity decreased by 14%. Although the ecological deficit was still in 2019, it decreased by more than 55% compared with 2009, and the ecological gradually recovered from the deficit. The ecological footprint diversity index remained stable, but the ecosystem development capacity was reduced by 37%. While the ecological stress index has been decreasing year by year, the ecological sustainability is still poor here. If the current consumption pattern is maintained, by 2029, the ecological carrying capacity of Lushan County will be further reduced. This area will face the problem of insufficient ecological carrying capacity, and ecological security is not optimistic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce the ecological footprint and increase the ecological carrying capacity, and propose a future ecological development strategy for Lushan County, and provide guidance for the sustainable development of Lushan County in the future.

With economic development, population growth, and the continuous improvement of living standards, the ecological problems faced by urban development become increasingly significant. Respecting nature and building a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature has subsequently become an important goal for territory development, protect and renovation. The harmonious coexistence of humans and nature must be based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, scientific and reasonable planning following the local natural endowments and geographical characteristics. The dam area is the name of a local plain (diameter less than 10km) in a mountain or hilly area. Mainly distributed in mountain basins, river valleys, and foothills areas. In Yunnan, the dam area is the important production, living and ecological space, which carries the development of the local population and economy. The dam area has become a remediation, economic, culture center, and agricultural production base in Yunnan after long-term use and transformation. The paper starts from the characteristics and influences of the Yunnan dam area and the problems that affect its sustainable development, mainly analyzed the importance and significance of the current water system management in the dam area by sharing the planning project and case in Yunnan dam area and realize the purpose of the urban ecological cycle, water environment management, and improvement of human settlement environment, and explored how to achieve effective protection and development of territory through the management of water system management.

In the context of ecological civilization construction in the new era and the preliminary establishment of the land and space planning in China, the ecological spatial planning moves from background to foreground, the urban development has changed from "ecological priority” to "ecological design orientation"which emphasizes the use of ecology to guide the transition of regional development.As a complex organism, the correlation degree of each ecological element in the region is very high, and the water system is an important factor in the series of ecological elements which connecting others . Maintaining river ecological traits is an important link in the comprehensive management of the region and the realization of ecological transformation, and it is also the key to improving the resilience of the regional ecosystem. In view of the insufficient research scale of ecological restoration of water system and insufficient exploration of natural hydrological cycle mechanism at this stage, this article introduces the concept of ecological wisdom, emphasizes the protection and restoration of water cycle mechanism and learning simulation ,and discusses the regional water body restoration framework. Water body database construction, pattern target locking, water body restoration strategy construction and construction project library determine the entire regional water body restoration framework.On this basis, combined with the practice of ecological restoration in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province, It is pointed out that the evaluation tools of geographic information system (GIS) should be used for geographic characteristics, base analysis and simulation analysis first. Then construct the overall goal of improving the resilience of the water system, and the sub-goals including hydrological pattern, water quantity pattern, water quality pattern and water landscape pattern. After that, water body restoration strategy construction which are spatial system optimization, multiple activation of waterscape, the process cycle control means consisting of source conservation and purification, process dredging control, as well as end storage and quality improvement should be given. , and finally to formulate relevant construction project libraries.Hope research can provide relevant planning New ideas and reference.

With global warming, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme rainfall events, the need for rainstorm-flood climate adaptation planning has become more urgent. At present, there are relatively few planning studies from the perspective of rain-flood climate adaptation in China. In this study, the Sentinel-1 Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was used to extract the urban flooded area from the extreme rainfall weather caused by storm surges. Rainstorm floods generally occur in cloudy and rainy weather, and there are a lot of clouds blocking the use of optical remote sensing images, which cannot effectively monitor the flooded area. However, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can penetrate the clouds and obtain optical high-resolution radar images, which can be observed all day long. This method is used to identify the spatial distribution of the risk of extreme rainfall caused by storm surges in Guangzhou. The significance of this study is as follows: (1) Based on data-driven, it provides an operable technical process and method for rainwater hazard mapping of climate adaptability planning of megacities in China, which can be applied to rainwater hazard mapping of other cities and enhance the science of decision-making. (2) By mapping the flood probability, we can effectively identify the spatial differentiation characteristics of the flood risk, so as the characteristics of sensitive groups and environment, and provide a reference for the spatial layout of emergency disaster reduction and prevention facilities to strengthen urban adaptability.

Under the policy support of flood control and risk avoidance resettlement in Lizhuang township of Xinxiang City, 18 villages originally located in the Yellow River flood dike were relocated to the new area outside the dike. In this context, it is worth to restore and improve the ecological resilience of the original village site, and to study how to further enhance the community resilience in the resettlement new town. Based on literature review and field surveys, we aggregate a lot of data which includes historical statistics, questionnaires, site survey, satellite imagery, etc. We further used scenario prediction and GIS analysis methods to carry out the research. The questionnaire results of Lizhuang new town found three main results. First, the diversity and flexibility of economic categories of the new town have not been improved after relocation. 85% of the resettlement residents are still agricultural workers. Nearly 40% of the resettlement family income comes from agricultural farming, and 50% comes from migrant working, reflecting the low employment rate of the local secondary and tertiary industries. Second, with the residents’ needs for a better life ever-growing, the quality and quantity of the production and living service facilities need to be improved. For example, residents generally have high expectations for public service facilities such as cultural facilities, sports facilities, pension facilities, and production service facilities such as grain drying platforms and agricultural tools storage places. Third, the local historical and cultural significance has not been widely recognized and fully exploited. The residents' sense of community identity needs to be improved. For example, the location of the Yellow River diversion at Tongwaxiang in 1855 have not been widely recognized by local residents, which has typical representation in the history, geography and culture of the Yellow River, reflecting the weak cultural cohesion of the new town. Although it is necessary to improve the ecological resilience of the former Lizhuang site in Yellow River floodplain area as soon as possible, the questionnaire results above shows that the improvement of community resilience of Lizhuang new town should also be taken seriously. Therefore, we proposed four main strategies focus on resilience improvement which is applicable to the villages in Yellow River floodplain area: moderately restore the ecological function of the old site waterfront, open up the industrial cooperation path within and outside the floodplain area, flexibly arrange and increase the production and living service facilities, give full play to the cultural advantages to promote community identity.

Rapid urbanization in China is placing increased pressure on urban drainage infrastructure. Northeast coastal cities are susceptible to flood damage from typhoons and climate change is expected to produce more extreme weather events. Urban planners and local governments need better risk assessment tools to plan for future extreme events. An open data based exposure assessment model has been developed for disaster risk reduction (DRR) oriented adaptive urban plan making based on the understanding of flash floods risk in high-density urban areas under future climate scenarios. The proposed model is based on hydrological simulation, which accuracy is sensitive to the precision of input digital elevation model (DEM). A regression kriging based geo-interpolation method is employed to reshape ground surface by increasing precision of global coverage ASTER GDEM from 30m to 10m. Time component is introduced to the Horton’s water permeation model. The parameter of permeation speed limitation is critical to this model; initial values are taken from published Land Classification Codes and adjusted according to the field surveys and observation records. Shekou community in Shenzhen is a case study to verify the proposed model. Two most common scenarios are tested. One is a storm at low-tide condition, with a fully functional urban drainage system. This scenario is simulated by using historical rainfall data from Meteorological Bureau. The other scenario is a typhoon occurring at high-tide, which means urban drainage system is partially malfunctioned. The simulation results show high agreement with both the historical record and satellite observations. Based on the understanding of flash floods exposure assessment and the temporal-spatial distribution of the risk, DRR oriented adaptive urban plans can be made.

Koyra is an upazila of the Khulna District of Bangladesh. It's the 2nd largest Upazila in Bangladesh located in the south-western coastal belt of Bay of bengal and adjacent to the Sundarban mangrove forest. Like other coastal areas of Bangladesh, Koyra is a disaster-prone area. It is assumed that people of the coastal area will be adversely affected due to climate change impact. Most of the people in the area are engaged in the agricultural sector. The agriculture section has more vulnerable to the consequences of climate change, which negatively impacts their livelihood. Previous records and field surveys show that all most areas of Koyra Upazilla face flood hazards frequently. Therefore, inhabitants, household structure, road, and other infrastructures of Koyra Upazilla are supposed to be an element at risk due to flood hazards. This research aims to identify physical and human resources and assess the coastal flood impacts on both physical and human resources in the study area. The main focuses of this study are – accommodation/settlements, livestock, agriculture, water and sanitation, health, and education. Qualitative techniques are applied to collect and analyze data.

Climate change, food security, and environmental sustainability are pressing issues faced by today's global population. On the other hand, steel plays a crucial role in our era's economic and social development as a backbone material for modern society, from building, infrastructure to daily objects. . However, the environmental costs of steel are beyond the planetary boundaries. The exploitation of earth sources due to raw materials needed in steelmaking and energy-intensive manufacturing processes are responsible for 7 and 9% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. (1) Most of the steel pumped to the global supply chains is manufactured in countries beyond carbon emission restrictions like China, India, and Turkey. While demand for steel leads many stakeholders to relocate the industry, the expected expansions in industrial agglomerations are paralleled with the urbanization trends, making local impacts of steel manufacturing more significant on the environment and human health. Contamination caused by industrial dust and waste leads to soil contamination, remains mainly unaddressed in global discussions; the loss of agricultural lands and biodiversity is a big challenge for locals, contributing to global food and insecurity. On the other hand, the steel industry is very suitable for circular economy models and especially for a symbiosis between natural and industrial landscapes. Steelmaking slag, which is generated in large volumes as a by-product of manufacturing processes, is a promising material in various applications, especially in agriculture. Effective recycling in agriculture can ensure environmental, economic sustainability, potentials in crop yield, soil conditioning, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil carbon sequestration, and heavy metal stabilization in contaminated soils. The first section focuses on impacts of the steel industry that are local, regional and global. The "non-exterritoriality"(2) of production sites are acknowledged as the primary terrain of capitalist urbanization, where the boundaries of natural and anthropogenic landscapes are blurred(3). These "reciprocal landscapes" (4) highlight current conditions of globalized trade networks with their expanded material circulations and the outsourcing of ecological risks. Several locations from different countries are presented as examples to understand the notion of "hinterlands" as a field of design praxis or as a perspective to think and design landscapes (5). From translation from energy and material fluxes to land, the research suggests new vocabularies for prototyping and diagnosing industrial agglomerations and their consequential impacts on soil and agricultural production. The second section addresses how we think and design systems to integrate the processes and sites of steel production to food security within the circular economy framework. For example, the steelmaking slag, a by-product of steel manufacturing, can be recycled as fertilizer to regenerate acidified soil while increasing the crop yield significantly. A case study focuses on Eregli, an industrial/agricultural town with a harbor located in Turkey's north-western Black sea region. Intensive crude steel production takes place there, and relevant sub-sectors developed as the main economic activity, compromising local agricultural activities and biodiversity. As a design suggestion, the fluxes of energy, material, slag recycling quantified, relevant stakeholders, and potential landscapes are mapped to illustrate the extent of the proposed circular system. A master plan is proposed as an illustration to inhabit the local bio-economy, re-interpreting productive landscapes as an agent for territorial praxis. 1-https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:7ec64bc1-c51c-439b-84b8-94496686b8c6/Position_paper_climate_2020_vfinal.pdf 2- Harvey, David. "Globalization and the “Spatial Fix”." Geographische Revue (2001): 23-30. 3-Print. Brenner, Neil. "The Hinterland Urbanised?" Architectural Design 86.4 (2016): 118-27. 4- Hutton, Jane. "Reciprocal Landscapes: Stories of Material Movements" (2019):33-35. Print 5-Brenner, Neil, and Christian Schmid. "Planetary Urbanisation." Urban Constellations. Ed. ed., Matthew Gandy. Vol. Berlin: Jovis, 2012. Web.

The Ulan Buh Desert is located at the edge of the arid zone in the central Eurasian continent, which is one of the main sources of the Yellow River sediment and sandstorms in Northeast Asia. The project site, at the junction of the Ulan Buh Desert, the Hetao Irrigation District and the Yellow River Beach, has abundant groundwater source, unique geographical landscape and sensitive ecological environment. any changes in the regional ecological pattern may lead to significant impacts on the living environment of hundreds of millions of people within tens of millions of square kilometers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. However, in the past, ecological management, economic development and the construction of human settlements in local area have worked independently. Traditional grazing-based production ways and disorderly scattered settlements consume huge natural resources, leading to the continuous spread of desertification and the increasingly harsh human settlement environment. Therefore, through the construction of a comprehensive and sustainable desertification spatial management system with the whole process of "resource evaluation-green infrastructure construction-landscape performance monitoring", we can solve the contradiction between the abundant natural resources, the fragile ecological pattern and the need to improve the human settlement environment in this area. Firstly, we obtained index information through remote sensing images and big data and quantified indexes through GIS, to construct the technical system of territorial spatial identification and landscape evaluation system. Then, based on desert, we built three systems, an ecological landscape infrastructure system, a vertical circular agriculture system and an efficient and centralized human settlement environment construction system, to realize the sustainable development of local "ecology-production-life". Finally, we monitor the landscape performance of desertification control through the construction of a comprehensive, scientific, parameterized and multidisciplinary dynamic, "sky-air-ground" integrated ecological monitoring system. The desertification spatial governance system achieves a high degree of integration of multiple landscape elements, which ensures the beautiful prospects can be realized mostly through a natural-driven sustainable process. What’s more, this system connects the management system and ecological management of multi-scale and multi-level, to realizes the transmission and implementation of the planning results. Finally, the system achieves the joint promotion of socio-economic, ecological issues and living environment simultaneously in ecologically sensitive desert areas.