In the beginning of 2020 the world was a continuous space of mass activities of people: mass transit, mass tourism, mass migration, mass commuting. It was a descendant of “The Revolt of the Mass”, indicated by Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset in 1929. Pandemic of COVID19 has brought this economics of masses to the state of a near collapse. Behavior of people has radically shifted from mass to individual patterns. The lockdowns appeared a kind of forced socio-spatial experiment on adaptation of global population to new circumstances beyond common urbanization models. Presented study has analyzed these new patterns of living in urban space during the pandemic with Moscow as a sample area. Different aspects of daily life have been studied through lens of data on peoples’ spatial behavioral patterns: mobility (big data of commuting intensity and trajectories, open-data of transport services apps), daily life (internet open sources on studies of people stayed at home or left the city, density and location of commercial establishments still working, most popular requests queried through searching machines, open data on food delivery services coverage) and work (internet open sources on studies on share of employees working distantly). The study started during so-called “self-isolation mode” in the spring of 2020 when city dwellers were locked in their homes. It has revealed significant changes of life style patterns. Living environment has shrunk into limits of a “zero-spaces” namely urban or countryside residential unit, supported by immediate urban or countryside area of walking and self-entertainment and fast developing critical infrastructures of food delivery, online based medical and transport services and accessibility of Internet. The emergence of network of “zero-spaces” is an evidence of emergence of a new type of habitable environment which key features are very different compared to continuity and unevenness of space of the super city: - Location and density of built-up area are not preconditions of good access to services and critical infrastructure - Connectivity is more important than centrality - Life-style can be basically the same either in urban, suburban or rural landscapes. In 2021 next stage of studies has revealed that coverage of delivery services continue to expand even under condition of no restrictions on daily trips in Moscow urban agglomeration. It features further development of an isotropic environment where accessibility of basic services and job are uniformly accessible. This led to conclusion that pandemic has launched or sped up development of a next stage of evolution of system of human settlements – post-urbanization which means the process of elimination of dependency between type and location of physical landscape, degree of area centrality and accessibility of jobs and critical services. A shift to post-urbanization will soon demand relevant planning strategies. Compared to urbanization, post urbanization is not a fate of rural to urban or suburban transformation. It is a choice of desirable type of surrounding natural or artificial environment and intensity of personal contacts in a real space. It is also new values of time freed of commuting and quality of “small space” in proximity. According to results of presented study there are several strategies relevant to these new conditions. The first is to support expansion of new critical infrastructures to provide daily services and access to job opportunities regardless of location. Next one is adjustment of existing built-up environment for variety of new life styles based on even accessibility to new infrastructures. Altogether these approaches will allow spreading new life styles over existing settling system and encouraging of redistribution of population according to ecosystem carrying capacity instead of further urban expansion.

Recent urban regeneration is being carried out as integrated regeneration including social, cultural, and economic aspects as well as the physical improvement of old spaces based on resident participation for continuous management and maintenance of cities. However, the long-term project method has the disadvantage that it is difficult to flexibly cope with changing situations. Tactical Urbanism is being applied as a tool for overcoming the limitations of existing urban planning methods and achieving the goal while flexibly responding to urban regeneration issues. Urban events using Tactical Urbanism encourage social interest and visits through unique concepts and influence the vitality and diversity of cities. Moreover, it plays a positive role in the improvement of stereotyped urban landscapes and placeness. Other countries are applying the Tactical Urbanism technique to urban planning policies, and gaining positive effects in various aspects including local activation and customer satisfaction. In contrast, there is lack of perception about Tactical Urbanism and empirical analysis is insufficient in South Korea because researchers mainly focus on case studies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of Tactical Urbanism on the change of placeness in public spaces. Specifically, the success factors of Tactical Urbanism in public spaces are analyzed, and to examine its effects on the improvement of place value. Tactical Urbanism is an urban planning theory that emerged to complement the limitations of new urbanism. It is a term that has been used by urban activists of North America as an urban planning technique to verify effectiveness by temporary verification before a long-term policy is established (Lydon and Garcia, 2015) The causes of the emergence of Tactical Urbanism include increased uncertainty about the future, economic recession, changes in the demographic structure due to the low birth rate and aging population, and the increased use of the Internet owing to the development of science and technology (Lydon and Garcia, 2015). Furthermore, due to the COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2020, many countries including South Korea has recommended intensive social distancing and suggested methods to strategically changing densely populated cities. The most important feature of Tactical Urbanism is that it draws long-term urban changes through temporary and small urban experiments and it has the advantage of low costs and large effects. One characteristic of Tactical Urbanism cases in South Korea is that is often used together with urban regeneration projects. In addition, there have been many cases that combined with commercial uses such as container malls and pop-up spaces. Currently, many South Korean large cities are implementing urban regeneration projects, but they have limitations due to stereotyped methods. Tactical Urbanism is an appropriate urban planning strategy that can improve the limitations of urban regeneration. This study verifies the effects of Tactical Urbanism on the perception of places by urban residents who visited places utilizing Tactical Urbanism in Seoul. In particular, the causal relationships regarding how the placeness that they used to perceive in the past has changed as a result of Tactical Urbanism are analyzed It is expected that Tactical Urbanism can be utilized as an urban regeneration and place marketing tool and the placeness and image of general urban spaces will be changed based on this study. In addition, this study derives policy and academic implications in relation to Tactical Urbanism in the future.

In 2020, the global outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) has seriously affected most countries and regions in the world, specially in urban areas with concentrated population. Secondary disasters such as traffic jams, material shortages and social disturbances have appeared to varying degrees, threatening the health and stability of cities. Based on resilient city theory, taking "Transits-Oriented-Development(TOD)" as the carrier, this paper discusses the urban design strategies to improve the resilience of urban districts in response to public health emergencies. Firstly, the origin and development of resilient city theory are described, and it’s design guidelines closely related to urban design are analyzed according to "10 essentials for making cities resilient”, which has been taken up by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) in 2012. It also summarizes three kinds of trends in resilient cities study: evaluation system of resilient cities, design and practice of resilient cities, and multi-dimensional study of resilient cities. Secondly, three questions need to be answered when applying resilient city theory to urban areas design: How to improve residents' healthy quality of life? How can cities be more resilient to public health emergencies? How to comprehensively consider the traffic characteristics, medical prevention and control system, as well as residents' healthy living needs of urban areas? In order to deal with these problems, this paper proposes three strategies of urban design as the theoretical extension of resilient cities, based on characteristics of urban TOD area: improving residents' healthy resilience by proposing a design concept of "health plus", establishing epidemic prevention-control system to improve medical resilience in urban areas, taking "TOD Healthy Lifestyle" as the guide for resilient urban design of TOD areas. Thirdly, it chooses Sichuan Normal University Station area as the proposed site, which is in the intersection of metro line 7 and line 13 of Chengdu, China. Characteristics of design site are elucidated, such as climatic conditions, upper planning, basic conditions and TOD attributes of the site. As well as site users are analyzed including job nature, age structure, visiting time and usage needs. Based on above analysis, the function division and building types of site can be determined. Fourthly, the "TOD healthy lifestyle" design results of resilient urban are obtained. To begin with, the epidemic prevention and management system with "One Center and Four Stations" has been established, which meets the usage needs of both daily life and epidemic outbreak scenarios. "One center" refers to a health management center in subway station area of Sichuan Normal University. "Four Stations" refers to four themed health care stations in combination with main buildings of the site, including apartment, business, elderly care, cultural and creative blocks. The health management center dispatches and manages the four themed health stations in urban area, and receives real-time feedback from health stations. In the event of an epidemic, "One Center and Four Stations" can be cut off from daily functions as temporary isolation points, then medical facilities and patient beds can be quickly added by using dedicated overhead tunnels to transport personnel and supplies. What’s more, the commercial, entertainment, office, residential and medical functions of the site were designed in an integrated above ground and underground way. And the urban design result of "TOD Healthy Living Mode" is got, which included the epidemic prevention-control system, urban public services and urban rail transit. Finally, the life trajectory and resilience effect of four types of users, includes students, office workers, retired elderly and purposeful visitors, are simulated. Meanwhile, the rationality of urban design is tested.

"Authenticity"is a subjective,constructive,developing and created dynamic concept.When it is used in the protection and renovation of ancient towns,It can be interpreted as the original and traditional characteristics of the ancient town, which reflects the dynamic characteristics of subject authenticity and object authenticity: the relationship and mutual influence between different groups of people in the ancient town are different, and the perception and understanding of the authenticity of the ancient town are different among different groups of people. When the subject is constantly changing, the interpretation of the authenticity of the ancient town also changes. To study the authenticity of multiple subjects and objects in ancient towns is to analyze and study from two aspects of heritage protection and tourism research, so as to protect the traditional style and features of ancient towns, better develop and utilize them, and better protect the life of local people. Longxing ancient town is one of the few ancient towns in Chongqing, China, which is dominated by traditional residents' life. It has not been over developed for business.Through the study of the authenticity of the multiple subjects and objects in Longxing ancient town, it is helpful to protect the traditional style and features of the objects in the ancient town, as well as the life of the local residents and the traditional business operation. Without destroying the authenticity, we should introduce some modern commerce and tourism, so as to stimulate the development of local economy and formats. This paper analyzes the relationship between the multiple subjects and objects in Longxing ancient town,so as to construct the evaluation system and ensure the balanced development of the authenticity of subject and object.At the same time,the authenticity protection system of Longxing ancient town must be established,and the planning strategy,development strategy and implementation strategy according to the actual situation of Longxing ancient town must be formulated.The street pattern,courtyard space and public space should be focused and studied ,with corresponding construction strategies of authenticity should be put forward.Also,the participation,feedback and guarantee mechanism need to be put forward to ensure the authenticity of the implementation of the subject and object.“ The research of "multiple subject and object authenticity" aims to repeatedly grind out the original characteristics of the true origin of Longxing ancient town through multi-disciplinary fields and multi perspective. Keyword: Authenticity of multiple subjects and objects,Chinese ancient town,Evaluation system,Architectural heritage

In western countries, 20th century saw an increasing tendency of segregation of urban structure functionally for carrying out different activities like housing, office, manufacturing and leisure. Clarifications given for such developments include reasons such as functionally homogeneous areas fit efficiently in logics of real estate market and administration. The post-independent India saw urban development policies focusing on growth control strategies of Metropolitan cities and the idea of satellite towns emerged. Faridabad was strategically established in 1950 to relieve the pressure of population growth in Delhi and to decentralize location of industries. Presently the city is acting as a dormitory town, catering only housing needs to decongest population pressure of Delhi. With unvarying homogeneous repetitious sectorial planning, the city lacks in vibrancy, multi functionality and imageability. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs theories, an individual aims for more advanced needs after fulfilling fundamental needs. The needs falling in lower categories of Maslow’s hierarchy are fulfilled by basic city planning norms by providing housing, employment opportunities, etc. The advanced needs which are at the top includes belongingness is lacking in Faridabad. It can be catered by designing shared public realm to strengthen city’s vision. Faridabad should be visualized as a dynamic and resilient city that has the potential to absorb, resume and be ready for forthcoming economic, environmental or social shocks such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. The Draft Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan envisages resilience in its vision by laying inclusive principles in development control. Westergasfabriek (Amsterdam), a nineteenth-century factory has set an efficient example of a brownfield reclaimed blue - green integrated recreation Centre comprising an axial promenade with formal urban plaza in east and an open and naturalized framework in the west. Economically profitable vision that people can relate to, gives the basic framework on how to bring change on ground i.e. local economies should tie well with the skillset and interests of the people residing there. Shared public spaces boost group activity that builds social and cultural capital and this reinforces financial values. Potsdamer Platz (Berlin), a compact area with 35 meter high blocks, dense street plan and plazas containing wealth of activities; has set a good example of designing people centric city Centre which is a commercial success. This paper envisages Faridabad to become a self-reliant city by taking placemaking exemplars from the cities worldwide. To decrease city’s dependency on other cities, intra - city connections has to be strengthened to enhance collective association. Destination-based bus system which connects one destination of the city directly to the other will shift the focus from the major arterial road National Highway of the linear city of Faridabad. Other initiatives to boost Faridabad’s resilience was to commence on green network open space system that can act as an important pedestrian route from the city level greens like Aravali, railway buffers, stormwater drains to the neighborhood level greens. Another major design intervention to magnify economic opportunity and multifunctionality is to design city centers near major transit stations with various built uses. Financing Transit-Oriented Development with Land Values proposes the use of development-based land value capture mechanisms to help overcome this financial hurdle. Faridabad envisions itself as a technologically advanced smart city in future. Simulations which have the capacity to fulfil the capricious needs of people at city scale are leading to the preposition of urban techno-scaping. If city designing is given a human touch of collecting database for resilience, livability, vibrancy etc., then automated technology could be foreseen as the new paradigm for shaping cities for people across social status, gender and ethnicities.

The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, crosses nearly one-fifth of China's land area. She is known as the "Mother River" of China. Wuhan, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, is located at the junction of mountains and plains. The city has laid a unique urban pattern as two rivers meet and three towns stand together. Water control and flood fighting has been the primary task of successive cities. However, the waterfront is the most significant public space for citizens. Every year, many major public activities such as the swimming across the Yangtze River, the Douyu live streaming celebration，and the city marathon are all held on the riverbank in every year. The annual average visitor volume achieves 30 million people which ranks first in Wuhan all the year round. It also built an unique spiritual space connecting between people and the city. Hence the widespread criticism of defensive and safe flood walls, which impede the urban landscape and vitality. This paper discusses the concept of space making of Yangzi River marshland in Wuhan from three aspects: development and evolution, ecological consolidation and urban activities. First, By arranging the experience of flood control and urban water management and the evolution process of waterfront space in the past，this paper analyzes that the riverbank of the Yangtze River is the most local space, the harmonious coexistence between people with city and people ，and the integration of the human wisdom accumulated from the interdependence of cities and water throughout the ages. Secondly, In terms of ecological environment, the promotion path of public space in urban waterfront area is explored from two dimensions as total elements and full space. Whole space refers to the horizontal space from the water to the city, which is divided into five levels, from river to bridge, from wharf to tidal flat, riverside parks, embankment and road, waterfront buildings. The study puts forward optimization strategies to build a unique waterfront space with the organic integration of river, garden and city. Total elements refers to the investigation of the whole ecological elements of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes, grasses and protozoa along the Yangtze River, according to their original living environment characteristics, according to local conditions to restore the ecology, from the central urban area to the peripheral suburbs using different spatial strategies to control. Total elements includes five aspects such as safety, ecology, humanity, transportation and economy. These elements such as dike, mountain, water, green, bank, bridge, sculpture, architecture are integrated with each other and systematically improve the spatial quality of the urban waterfront. Thirdly, from provention and control to integration, the historical traces, industrial development and emerging activities between the city hinterland and the Yangtze River have special relevance. Planning and construction stand for three dimensions, from the humanities, transportation, vitality. So that the embankment, bridge, sculpture, architecture and other elements to achieve flow and resonance, systematically improve the spatial quality of urban waterfront. The whole process emphasizes the participation of people in all stages of planning, design and construction.

Since the 1980s, the Chinese government has established various types of industrial parks, which have become important carriers of local economic development. In the period of rapid urbanization in China, many industrial parks are guided by the land demand of enterprises and take the path of scale expansion, which neglected the shaping of public space, resulting in the phenomenon of "emphasizing production but neglecting cities and people", which is not conducive to the sustainable development of industrial parks. As China’s economy enters the stage of high-quality development, industrial parks will also pay more attention to the improvement of space and environmental quality. Under this background, it is urgent to sort out the relationship among "industry, city, and people” and explores the planning method of industrial park in space creation and landscape environment design, so as to promote the formation of intensive, efficient, quality and lovely public spaces in the industrial park. This article summarizes the successful experience of space creation and landscape environment design in industrial parks in China and around the world through literature review and case study analysis. Combining with the planning practice of the Taiyuan Starting Area of Xiaohe Industrial Park, Shanxi Transformation Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone, the article summarizes the planning strategy for improving the quality of public space in the industrial park, and tries to ensure the effective implementation of the planning content from two aspects of precise control and dynamic control. As China's economy shifts from a stage of rapid development to high-quality development, industrial parks will pay more attention to their construction quality. The research found that organizing industrial park space and landscape environment design with a shared concept can greatly improve the efficiency of public space use and promote the formation of a vibrant and diverse charming space, which can play a reference and guiding significance for industrial park planning in the context of China’s economic transformation and development.

Pingyao Ancient City is known as a "living heritage" as a model of Human-Habitat World Heritage due to its physical and spatial attributes and strong cultural attributes. Although the ancient city of Pingyao strives to completely preserve its physical space form, with the vigorous development of modern tourism and business, the cultural connotation of the ancient city is weakening. Therefore, it is imperative to revive the ancient city's culture. Nowadays, the research on the ancient city of Pingyao often focuses on the protection of physical space and the improvement of the living environment. However, its cultural revival and mode of Pingyao have received relatively little attention in the literature. This paper uses Pingyao’s material space as a carrier to construct the cultural traction mechanism of residents and tourists, trace the culture behind, extract the "living points" such as escort agency and draft bank, effectively restore the lifestyle and space form of Pingyao ancient city at that time, and innovatively put forward the "The Five Senses" immersion cultural tourism experience model. And use this model as a prototype to try to build a digital Pingyao ancient city online tour "twin". The purpose is to enhance the sense of cultural belonging and identity of Pingyao ancient city and realize the living protection and cultural renaissance of the ancient city. From the perspective of cultural revival, this paper provides a practical path for the "live protection" of the ancient city and a reference model for the protection of Human-Habitat World Heritage through the study of the immersive cultural experience tourism model of the Pingyao ancient city.

The relationship between urban and rural built environment is influenced by spatial forms, life patterns, industrial structures, transportation links, and other elements. In the pre-modern period, urban and rural areas were once characterized by "homogeneity", with continuity in terms of space, living, and industry. Along with the urbanization process, villages are gradually separated from the cities, with changes as spatial separation, life divergence, and industrial stagnation. Namely, the "continuity" between urban and rural areas is weakened. Traditional villages with historical and cultural deposits, are naturally culturally resilient and can respond positively to external conditions. If the cognitive system of the village environment is reconstructed based on cultural resilience and the value of traditional resources is further explored, it is possible to strengthen "continuity" and promote urban and rural integration. The study focuses on Dongshiguyan Village, a traditional village along the Ancient Road of West Beijing, analyzing the village culture, daily life, public space, and transportation to summarize the evolution of continuity based on the concept of resilience. Placing the village in the overall urban and rural environment, the study realizes village empowerment and industrial activation in three aspects: population attraction, spatial reuse, and industrial adjustment, and finally, reconstruct village continuity. Consequently, the study aims to provide a paradigm for the renewal and development of traditional villages in contemporary times, connecting the present and the future through cultural continuity.