Abstract
Nature-Deficit Disorder describes the phenomenon that the relationship between children and nature is increasingly alienated and even separated, which mainly comes from the negative effects of the rapid urbanization process, the informatization of children's growth environment, the artificial living environment, and the single form of children's education. Nature-Deficit Disorder is mainly manifested as the lack of objective nature-lack of natural contact and lack of natural knowledge; and the lack of psychological nature-lack of empathy for nature, lack of identification with natural life, and lack of natural perception. The inner core of a child-friendly city includes the design of child-friendly street space, and the current urban planning has entered the era of stock, how to build a child-friendly travel environment on the basis of existing urban streets to stimulate the interaction between children and nature in their daily travel? To further rebuild the connection between children and nature has become an important proposition that needs to be answered urgently in this era. A more fundamental way to restore the internal relationship between children and nature is to change the space planning that opposes and isolates the city from nature, which is the best way to realize humanism in the process of urban planning and design. Taking children's travel environment as the breakthrough point to alleviate children's natural deficiency, this paper introduces the natural exposure design method (Exposing the design that highlights the natural elements, and guide people's thought activities through the process of refining the observable natural phenomena in nature, and bring people closer to nature) into the design of children friendly travel street space, connecting the urban nature and children's health. The design starts from children’s daily travel space, pays attention to the interaction between street space and children, and the pro-natural shaping of street space, subtly increases children’s daily contact with nature, and further rebuilds the connection between children and nature. It provides a brand-new reference point of thought and method for similar urban planning and design. On this basis, the design takes Guang'an Hutong community in Xicheng District of Beijing as an example to explore the design of children friendly travel environment, in order to guide the implementation of near nature design from the minimum scale travel space, promote the re connection between children and nature, and alleviate a series of negative effects brought by children's natural deficiency. Based on the research of different types of street space at different scales, the design proposes a space intervention method of linear columns and single modules, starting from the natural exposure design method, carrying the five natural elements of water, sound, light, soil, and plants to carry out the street. The space renewal design, from a single natural element to a combination of multiple natural elements, promotes the development of children's cognition and creativity of natural elements. Amplify the force of nature and the attraction to children in the highly intensive street environment, guide nature into children's daily travel space, and ultimately inspire children to move toward a broader natural environment in the future. The design combines the travel distances of children of different ages, and connects natural space elements of different time and scales with point, line, and plane networked street spaces to create a continuous spatial and hierarchical travel network, and finally realize children's travel from short distance to long distance Spontaneous exploration of natural space, reconstruct the new relationship between children and nature, promote the healthy growth of children, and guide the city's healthier and more sustainable future development.
