Abstract
ABSTRACT: "Mountain" is an important evidence for urban planning in China. The ancient capital city first carried out terrain evaluation before site selection, and planned the city based on the mountain topography. However, the site selection and construction of the capital were not unchanged. With the gradual change of dynasties, they would adjust constantly as the situation dictates. The city-mountain pattern has been gradually perfected in successive generations and formed unique regional cultural characteristics. Nanjing, the ancient capital, is a typical representative of the dynamic battalion city. The capital structure in the Six Dynasties and Ming Dynasty had undergone radical changes. The study on the change of city -mountain relationship in ancient Nanjing is helpful to understand the process and law of association, coincidence and symbiosis between ancient urban development and natural landscape. Based on the qualitative research of ' Grounded Theory ' and historical map translation, this study analyzes the characteristics of Nanjing mountains in the Six Dynasties and the Ming Dynasty and their relationship with the evolution of urban layout around the geographical changes of Nanjing city-mountain. Reveals the landscape structure as well as geographical causes and motivation of spatial formation in the ancient city. This study analyzes the relationship between cognition of ancient landform classification and urban orientation judgment in macroscopic view; the relationship between the spatial form of the mountain and both location and layout of the palace city in medium view; the relationship between the mountains within urban area and the positioning and orientation of key buildings as well as the excavation and construction of urban scenic spots in microscopic view. To sum up the construction mechanism and spatial schema of Nanjing urban landscape planning. The study shows that the Nanjing ' city-mountain ' landscape pattern is not only the spatial paradigm of the organic integration of the old and new spatial order and landscape environmental order, but also the cultural schema and humanistic order gene formed by the city and the surrounding mountainous areas. Revealing the ancient ' city-mountain ' landscape relationship is not only the social basis for connecting the historical memory of people and places, constructing the sense of local identity and cultural belonging, but also the key factor of shaping local uniqueness in the present urban planning and design. KEY WORDS: Urban planning; City-mountain relationship; Construction mechanism; Spatial pattern; Nanjing Note : Nanjing was called "Jiankang" in the Six Dynasties and "Nanjing" in the Ming Dynasty
