Abstract
The greatest force in combating climate change is in the hands of cities. Currently 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas and this proportion is expected to increase to 70% by 2050 (UN, 2019). The way these people will live in cities in 2050 are closely related to the choices that are being made today and the demand for transportation is one of them. The management of urban mobility, focused on improving the fluidity of cars, ends up increasing the demand for more road space and consequently the social and environmental impacts, highlighting the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, noise and visual pollution, in addition to degradation of urban living spaces. All these problems lead to the need to develop studies that address the concept of urban mobility from the perspective of social inclusion reducing environmental pollution and encouraging the use of public and non-motorized transport. Thus, this article aims to structure and understand the problem of urban mobility and to propose strategic actions that lead to the promotion of its sustainability. The importance of this study is to support the local government in the definition of a compromise solution, in a medium and long term perspective, seeking to guarantee citizens access to quality transport services and the joint participation of society in the construction of more sustainable cities. The methodology used was based on Creswell (2013) which uses a qualitative approach, with a participatory worldview. The research strategy is based on a case study, document review and interviews with the actors of the problem such as public agents, specialists in urban mobility, users of public transport, bicycles and people with disabilities, in order to obtain an analysis of the situation from different perspectives. The actors' objectives were raised through the Value-Focused Thinking - VFT approach, a tool used in the Structuring of Complex Problems belonging to the of Soft Operational Research area. The VFT proposes a creative way to identify decision problems, specify objectives and create alternatives. Crucial activities related to the decision-making process (Keeney, 1992). Identifying and understanding stakeholder values is a crucial task in a decision-making process, since the values express what really matters in the question under study (Gregory and Keeney, 2017). Over the years, VFT has been increasingly adopted in complex decision problems (Parnell et al., 2013). The application was made in the city of São José dos Campos / SP - Brazil where it was possible to identify critical local factors with greatest impact on transport and define a set of alternatives. As a result, 13 key alternatives were selected to achieve sustainable urban mobility. In this way, the product of this research contributes to the 2030 Agenda for the sustainable development of sustainable cities and communities, thus being able to effectively serve as a contribution to the formulation of future sustainability policies in urban mobility. References: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (ST / ESA / SER.A / 423). Creswell JW. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications: London. Keeney, R.L. (1992). Value-Focused Thinking. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Gregory, R. and Keeney, R. L. (2017). A practical approach to address uncertainty in stakeholder deliberations. Risk Analysis, v. 37, no. 3, p. 487–501. Parnell, G.S. et al. (2013) Invited review — survey of value-focused thinking: applications, research developments and areas for future research. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, v. 20, n. 1-2, p. 49–60.
